March, 11th 2021
THE GENETIC CODE AS A LANGUAGE
What is genetic inheritance?
Mechanisms of character transmission from an individual to its offspring governed by the laws of the genetic code.
What is hereditary trait?
Morphological and physiological characteristic transmitted in the offspring.
What is a chromosome?
Chromosomes are the structures that contain the genes.
In this image you can see where the genes are located.
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Definition of: Alelle, locus, loci, gene, centromere and telomere
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Definition of: Homozygote and Heterozygote.
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MENDEL'S LAWS
Who is Gregor Mendel?
Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who in the 19th century established the basic laws of genetic inheritance long before the term "gene" was coined. In the monastery garden, Mendel carried out thousands of crosses with different varieties of the pea plant.
1st MENDEL'S LAW: Law of uniformity of hybrids of the first filial generation.
When crossing a purebred of one species (AA) with another purebred individual of the same species (aa), the offspring of the first filial generation will be phenotypically (physically) and genotypically equal to each other (Aa).
2nd MENDEL'S LAW: Law of segregation of antagonistic characters in the second generation.
When the hybrids obtained in the first generation are crossed with each other, the antagonistic characters they possess are separated and distributed among the different gametes, thus giving rise to several phenotypes in the offspring.
3rd MENDEL'S LAW: Law of independence and free combination of hereditary factors
When two dihybrids are crossed with each other, the hereditary characters are separated, since they are independent, and they combine with each other in all possible ways in the offspring.
What is genotype?
A genotype is the collection of genes of an individual.
What is phenotype?
The phenotype constitutes the observable traits of an individual, such as height, eye color, and blood type.
THE PUNNETT SQUARE